Here is a brief Windows cheat sheet that covers some commonly used commands and concepts:
Navigation
cd: Change directorydir: List contents of current directorymd: Make a new directoryrd: Remove a directorydel: Delete a filecopy: Copy a filexcopy: Copy files and directories, with more options
File Operations
type: Display contents of a filemore: Display contents of a file one page at a timefind: Search for a pattern in a file or outputattrib: Display or modify file attributesicacls: Display or modify file permissions
System Information
systeminfo: Display system informationtasklist: Display a list of running processestaskkill: End a running processnetstat: Display active network connectionsipconfig: Display network interface information
Networking
ping: Test network connectivity to a hosttracert: Show the network path to a hostnetsh: Display or modify network settings
Users and Groups
net user: Add, modify, or remove a usernet localgroup: Add, modify, or remove a groupnet use: Connect or disconnect a network driverunas: Run a command as a different user
Miscellaneous
help: Display help information for a commandcmdkey: Manage stored credentialsschtasks: Schedule a task to run at a specific timereg: Display or modify the Windows registrymsconfig: Manage system startup options
This cheat sheet only scratches the surface of what's possible with Windows, but it should give you a good starting point for working with the command line.